WASHINGTON (AP) — The Supreme Court is to hear arguments Tuesday in a case about whether Texas must allow a chaplain to pray audibly and touch a prisoner during an execution.

Executions in Texas, the nation’s busiest death penalty state, have been delayed while the court considers the question. The outcome won’t take anyone off death row, but could clarify what religious accommodations officials must make for inmates who are being put to death.

The case before the justices involves John Henry Ramirez, who is on death row for killing a Corpus Christi convenience store worker during a 2004 robbery. Ramirez stabbed the man, Pablo Castro, 29 times and robbed him of $1.25.

Ramirez’s lawyers sued after Texas said it would not allow his minister to pray audibly and touch him as he is being given a lethal injection. Lower courts had sided with Texas, but the Supreme Court halted his Sept. 8 execution to hear his case.

Texas says an inmate’s spiritual adviser may pray with and counsel an inmate until the inmate is taken into the execution chamber and restrained on a gurney. But Texas says that after that, while the spiritual adviser is nearby, they can’t speak to or touch the inmate.

“An outsider touching the inmate during lethal injection poses an unacceptable risk to the security, integrity, and solemnity of the execution,” Texas has told the justices.

Texas also says Ramirez’s request is just another attempt to delay his execution.

Ramirez’s attorneys, for their part, are telling the court that a federal law that protects the religious rights of prisoners requires the state to allow Ramirez’s pastor to audibly pray and lay hands on him as he is put to death.

“These ministrations are deeply rooted in petitioner’s sincere religious beliefs and reflect the fundamental importance of prayer, song, and human touch as powerful expressions of Christian faith. To deny them imposes a substantial burden on petitioner’s free exercise of religion,” they have told the court.

The Biden administration has also weighed in. It noted that under the Trump administration, the federal government carried out a series of 13 executions in six months at the federal execution chamber in Terre Haute, Indiana. During those executions, which also made news for likely acting as a superspreader event, at least six religious advisers spoke or prayed audibly with inmates in the execution chamber. In at least one case, there was brief physical contact.

“The federal government has long sought to accommodate inmates’ religious practices when carrying out capital sentences,” said the administration, which has halted federal executions.

The administration says its practices are consistent with those of other states, including Alabama, Georgia and Oklahoma. It also says news reports and other evidence show Texas long allowed chaplains to engage in audible prayer and sometimes physical contact with inmates during executions.

The Supreme Court has confronted the issue of ministers in the death chamber on several occasions in recent years. In 2019, two inmates asked the justices to halt their executions over states’ refusal to allow their spiritual advisers in the execution chamber. Wrestling with the issue, the high court let one execution go forward but blocked the other, of Texas inmate Patrick Murphy.

At the time of Murphy’s scheduled execution, Texas allowed only state-employed religious advisers to be present in the execution chamber but only employed Christian and Muslim advisers, not anyone who was Buddhist, Murphy’s faith. Justice Brett Kavanaugh wrote that Murphy wasn’t being treated equally.

Texas responded by barring all clergy from the execution chamber, but inmates responded with additional lawsuits. Texas ultimately changed its policy in 2021 to allow both state-employed chaplains and outside spiritual advisers who satisfy certain screening requirements to go into the execution chamber.

The unresolved legal debate over whether spiritual advisers can touch inmates and pray aloud as condemned individuals are being put to death has delayed the final two executions scheduled this year in Texas.

Last month, judges rescheduled the executions of Kosoul Chanthakoummane, who was set to die Nov. 10, and Ramiro Gonzales, who was set for Nov. 17. Gonzales’ new execution date is July 13 while Chanthakoummane’s new date is Aug. 17.

Both inmates claimed that Texas was violating their religious freedom by not allowing their spiritual advisers to pray aloud and place a hand on their bodies at the time of their deaths.

Arguing the case for Texas’ current policy is Judd Stone II, the state’s solicitor general. Stone was before the court last week to argue two cases involving a controversial Texas law that has virtually ended abortion in the nation’s second-largest state after six weeks of pregnancy.